Exploring the Causes and Management of Neonatal Convulsions
Current Approaches to Newborn Emergencies, NOVA Publications , ss.285-299, 2026
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Yayınevi: NOVA Publications
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.285-299
- Anahtar Kelimeler: neonatal, phenobarbital, seizures
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Neonatal convulsions are among the most common neurologic emergencies encountered in the neonatal period, and the incidence is reported to be 1-5 per 1000 live births. It’s known that the convulsion threshold is low due to immaturity of the neonatal brain structure and differences in neurotransmitter systems. The most common cause of convulsions in the neonatal period is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and the etiology may vary according to the level of development of countries. Based on clinical findings, neonatal seizures are divided into four categories: subtle seizures are the most common form. Other types are clonic, tonic, and myoclonic seizures. However, non-epileptic paroxysmal movements, common in the neonatal period, should not be confused with convulsions. Jitteriness, sleep myoclonus, and hyperekplexia are the most common non-epileptic paroxysmal movements. Infants with convulsions in the neonatal period should be hospitalized and monitored with continuous video EEG, possible underlying metabolic disorders should be rapidly evaluated, and if a specific pathology is detected, treatment should be initiated accordingly. Anticonvulsant treatment is needed to control acute seizures. Despite recent studies, phenobarbital is still the most preferred drug in first-line treatment. In second-line treatment, levetiracetam and phenytoin are widely used. Treatment should aim not only to stop acute seizures but also to prevent brain damage, reduce the risk of developing epilepsy in the future, and prevent neurologic sequelae.