Effect of Obesity on COVID-19 Pneumonia: Analytical Research Obezitenin COVID-19 Pnömonisi Üzerine Etkisi: Analitik Araştırma

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Zor Çakilli S., ERYILMAZ EREN E., Ekici H., Arman Firat E., KILINÇ TOKER A., ÇELİK İ.

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, cilt.44, sa.4, ss.167-175, 2024 (Scopus, TRDizin)

Özet

Objective: There are many studies in the literature show-ing that the course of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is worse in overweight and obese patients. We aimed to investigate the effect of high body mass index on treatment duration, intensive care unit re-quirement, and mortality in 271 patients with COVID-19. Material and Methods: Between September 1, 2021 and April 1, 2022, a retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in 271 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity in nasooropharyngeal spec-imens. Demographic information, risk factors and underlying comor-bidities, presenting symptoms, radiologic findings, length of hospital stay, and laboratory values were evaluated. We stratified patients ac-cording to body mass index and compared mortality, length of hospital stay, and laboratory values on day 7 or 10 of treatment with baseline for prognostication. Results: Of the patients, 61 (22.51%) were normal weight, 92 (33.95%) were overweight, and 118 (43.54%) were obese. The rate of lung involvement was higher in obese patients compared to non-obese patients (p=0.005), and the mean length of hospital stay was significantly higher in obese patients (12.4±7.7) compared to non-obese patients (10.3±3.4) (p=0.022). Mortality was higher in obese and overweight patients than in patients with normal BMI (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients with a higher BMI had a higher incidence of severe pneumonia, longer hospital stays, more intensive care unit admissions and intubation, and higher mortality. Mortality was higher in unvaccinated obese patients than in those who received a full dose of vaccine.