Olfactory Function
All around the Nose: Basic Science, Diseases and Surgical Management, Springer International Publishing Ag, ss.71-74, 2019
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2019
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_8
- Yayınevi: Springer International Publishing Ag
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.71-74
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Epithelium, Function, Olfactory, Olfactory receptor cells, Vomeronasal organ
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The sense of smell is one of the earliest sensory systems to have evolved in mammals, as can be seen from phylogenetic studies. It is a chemical recognition system that has an influence on food-related behaviour, social and sexual function. Amongst neurones, the only group possessing regenerative abilities are the highly differentiated olfactory epithelial cells. The olfactory system comes into operation whenever odoriferous compounds come into contact with the olfactory vesicles, as they are known. There are three cell populations represented within the olfactory epithelium: basal, supporting cells, and olfactory receptor cells (ORCs). Basal cells differentiate into ORCs. The fact that these cells continue to differentiate into neurones and be turned over is a unique feature of the olfactory system. Indeed, there is no other comparable population of cells in the entire mature central nervous system (CNS). Support cells have numerous microvilli and contain granules for secretion. They are interspersed amongst ORCs, and secrete granular contents over the mucosal surface. The vomeronasal organ can identify special signals termed pheromones, which operate in humans at a subconscious level to cause changes in the endocrine and autonomic nervous system and effect alterations in the psychological state. The olfactory epithelium is distributed over the nasal roof, upper end of the septum, and the superior conchae. The ORCs are considered to be protoneurones. The filia are unsheathed. From the filia olfactoria, which are about 20 on each side, there arise the paired first cranial nerves, which transit through the formina of the cribriform plate. In this chapter, olfactory function is presented.