Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Turkish Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Fruit Extracts in Human Glioblastoma and Melanoma Cell Lines Türk Yalancı İğdesi (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Meyve Ekstrelerinin İnsan Glioblastoma ve Melanom Hücre Hatlarındaki Sitotoksik, Genotoksik ve Apoptotik Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, cilt.51, sa.2, ss.967-980, 2026 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 51 Sayı: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1971236
- Dergi Adı: Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, EMBASE, Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.967-980
- Anahtar Kelimeler: annexin V, comet, Hippophae rhamnoides, MTT, SK-MEL-30, U87
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Hippophae rhamnoides L. commonly known as sea buckthorn, has been traditionally used in Eastern Europe and Asia for its nutritional and medicinal properties. Sea buckthorn fruit rich in bioactive compounds with well-documented antioxidant properties; however, its anticancer potential remains insufficiently explored, particularly in aggressive cancer types. Glioblastoma and melanoma are classified as the most dangerous cancer types with high mortality rates. In this study, the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects of 80% ethanol and n-hexane extracts of sea buckthorn fruits were investigated in human glioblastoma (U87) and melanoma (SK-MEL-30) cell lines. Cells were treated with extracts at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, genotoxicity was evaluated using the Comet assay, and apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Both extracts exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against U87 and SK-MEL-30 cells, although the magnitude of the response varied according to concentration, exposure time, and extraction solvent. The n-hexane extract generally demonstrated stronger antiproliferative effects than the ethanolic extract, particularly after prolonged exposure. Comet assay analysis revealed significantly increased DNA damage in extract-treated cells compared with controls, indicating the induction of genotoxic stress. Flow cytometric evaluation showed that both extracts promoted apoptosis, with the n-hexane extract producing the highest apoptotic rates in both cell lines. SK-MEL-30 cells displayed greater sensitivity to apoptosis induction than U87 cells. The combined findings suggest that DNA damage and apoptosis contribute to the anticancer activity of H. rhamnoides fruit extracts.