Mushroom poisonings and their treatment Mantar zehirlenmeleri ve tedavisi
SENDROM, cilt.10, sa.9, ss.55-59, 1998 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Kısa Makale
- Cilt numarası: 10 Sayı: 9
- Basım Tarihi: 1998
- Dergi Adı: SENDROM
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.55-59
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
There are many species of poisonous mushrooms, but in the United States most poisoning is due to the Amanita. More than 100 deaths result each year from consumption of wild poisonous mushrooms. 90 percent being due to A. phalloides (death cap) or closely related species. Fatalities have occured after ingestion of only part of one mushroom. A. phalloides, A. virosa (destroying angel), some other Amanita species, and Galeria venenata contain heat-stable cyclopeptide cytotoxins which are rapidly bound to tissues. The principal toxin is alfa-amanitin, which binds to and inhibits specifically the mammalian RNA polymerase responsible for messenger RNA synthesis. Ingestion of these dangerous mushrooms is followed by a latent period of 6 to 20h. Manifestations of cytotoxicity then may appear suddenly and consist of severe nausea, violent abdominal pain, bloody vomiting and diarrhea, and cardiovascular collapse. Headache, mental confusion, coma, or convulsions are common. Painful and tender hepatomegaly, jaundice, hypoglycemia, dehydration, and oliguria or anuria frequently appear on the first or second day after ingestion. Ingestion of other poisonous mushrooms may cause gastrointestinal symptoms, visual disturbances, ataxia, disorientation, convulsions, coma, fever, hemolysis, and methemoglobinemia. Treatment of mushroom poisoning depends upon the species ingested. If parasympathomimetic manifestations are prominent, atropine in doses of 1 to 2 mg given intramuscularly and repeated every 30 min until symptoms are controlled. Poisoning by cytotoxic mushrooms in treated mainly symptomatically. Fluid and electrolyte balance must be carefully maintained. Hypoglycemia should be avoided; large quantities of carbohydrate may exert some protective effect on the liver. Excitement convulsions pain, hypotension, and fever may need symptomatic therapy.