From Phytochemical Characterization to Energy Metabolism-Driven Molecular Responses: The Anticancer Potential of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray in Breast Cancer Cells
Nutrients, cilt.18, sa.6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 18 Sayı: 6
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/nu18061008
- Dergi Adı: Nutrients
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: mushroom extract, breast cancer cell MCF-7, apoptosis signaling, energy metabolism, phytochemical composition, anticancer agents
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır
Özet
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer potential of methanol and ethanol extracts of Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, focusing on their effects on energy metabolism and related molecular mechanisms. Methods: In L. deliciosus samples, total antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were determined spectrophotometrically, while individual phenolics were classified by HPLC and volatile aromatic compounds (VOCs) were determined by GC-MS. The anticancer effects of L. deliciosus in MCF-7 breast cancer were determined using RT-qPCR with 46 different genes. Results: Phytochemical profiling via HPLC and GC–MS revealed a rich diversity of bioactive compounds, including significant levels of gallic acid (298.89 µg/g), vanillic acid (191.98 µg/g), and succinic acid (724.73 µg/g). The extracts exhibited robust antioxidant activity and dose-dependent cytotoxicity, reducing cell viability to as low as 5.60% after 72 h. Molecular analysis through Reactome pathway enrichment and expression profiling of 46 genes demonstrated that L. deliciosus drives cancer cells into a metabolic impasse by reversing the Warburg effect. Key findings include the significant downregulation of glycolytic genes like SLC2A1/GLUT1 (−12.34) and HK2 (−1.71), alongside the repression of mitochondrial TCA cycle regulators such as IDH1 (−17.81) and OGDH (−2.54). This metabolic collapse triggered G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis. Conlusions: These results align with international benchmarks for Lactarius species while providing novel insights into the metabolic reprogramming mechanism. The results obtained in this study highlight that L. deliciosus emerges as a promising natural agent for therapeutic strategies targeting cancer bioenergetics.