Biological effects of radiation
Triage in Radiation Accidents, NOVA Science Publishers Inc. , ss.57-75, 2025
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Yayınevi: NOVA Science Publishers Inc.
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.57-75
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Deterministic effect, Ionising radiation, Radiation effects, Stochastic effects, Tissue reactions
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Several factors influence the biological effects of radiation, including the type of radiation, its energy, the received dose, the duration of exposure, and the sensitivity of the tissues or organs exposed. The impact of radiation on biological tissues is generally classified into stochastic and deterministic effects. At the cellular level, radiation can cause direct and indirect harm, potentially leading to membrane disruption, cell death, altered enzyme activity, metabolic issues, mitochondrial dysfunction, accelerated aging, genetic instability, and mutagenesis. Acute tissue damage from radiation may present as inflammation, edema, vascular injury, and necrosis, whereas chronic exposure might result in fibrosis, organ failure, and a heightened cancer risk. Radiation-induced tissue damage can initiate inflammatory responses marked by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and other signaling molecules. Additionally, radiation exposure can cause oxidative stress and epigenetic changes in healthy tissues. Ionising radiation damages cellular DNA, leading to mutations that can cause uncontrolled cell growth and tumour formation, attributed to its oncogenic potential. Comprehending these effects is vital for evaluating radiation exposure risks and formulating protection and mitigation strategies. This chapter discusses the damage caused by radiation to living cells and tissues.