Neuroprotective Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Antagonist in the Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Inflammation, cilt.44, sa.6, ss.2499-2517, 2021 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 44 Sayı: 6
- Basım Tarihi: 2021
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10753-021-01520-0
- Dergi Adı: Inflammation
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.2499-2517
- Anahtar Kelimeler: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antagonist, traumatic brain injury
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır
Özet
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antagonists are known for their neuroprotective effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of PAI-1 antagonists in a rat mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Sprague–Dawley male rats were grouped as sham (n = 7), TBI (n = 9), and TBI + PAI-1 antagonist (5 and 10 mg/kg TM5441 and TM5484; n = 6–7). Under anesthesia, TBI was induced by dropping a metal 300-g weight from a height of 1 m on the skull. Before and 24-h after trauma neurological examination, tail suspension, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed. Twenty-four hours after TBI, the rats were decapitated and activities of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide release, luminol-, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Also, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, tumor growth factor-β, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and PAI levels were measured with the ELISA method in the brain tissue. Brain injury was graded histopathologically following hematoxylin–eosin staining. Western blot and immunohistochemical investigation for low-density lipoprotein receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and nuclear factor-κB were also performed. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and expressed as means ± SEM. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Higher levels of myeloperoxidase activity in the TBI group (p < 0.05) were found to be suppressed in 5 and 10 mg/kg TM5441 treatment groups (p < 0.05–p < 0.01). The tail suspension test score was increased in the TBI group (p < 0.001) and decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05–0.001). The histologic damage score was increased statistically significantly in the cortex, dentate gyrus, and CA3 regions in the TBI group (p < 0.01–0.001), decreased in the treatment groups in the cortex and dentate gyrus (p < 0.05–0.001). PAI antagonists, especially TM5441, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against mild TBI in the acute period. Behavioral test results were also improved after PAI antagonist treatment after mild TBI.