Antituberculosis drug–induced hypersensitivity: clinical characteristics and risk factors

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Katran Z. Y., BULUT İ., BABALIK A., Keren M., TEPETAM F. M.

Allergologia et Immunopathologia, cilt.53, sa.5, ss.69-77, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 53 Sayı: 5
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.15586/aei.v53i5.1427
  • Dergi Adı: Allergologia et Immunopathologia
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, DIALNET
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.69-77
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: rifampicin, tuberculosis, drug hypersensitivity, desensitization, pyrazinamide, rifampicin
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Background: Antituberculosis drugs can cause hypersensitivity reactions that interrupt treatment and increase morbidity. Early identification and management are essential to prevent complications and drug resistance. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of antituberculosis drug–induced hypersensitivity reactions over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 449 patients hospitalized for antituberculosis drug–induced hypersensitivity between 2015 and 2024. A control group of 478 tuberculosis patients without hypersensitivity was included. Demographic features, comorbidities, hypersensitivity types, causative drugs, and treatment outcomes were compared. Results: The prevalence of hypersensitivity was 12.1%. Female gender, older age, Turkish nationality, and history of other drug allergies were significant risk factors. Type 1 reactions (77.7%) were more common and associated with shorter treatment interruption and higher cure rates. Pyrazinamide was the most frequently implicated drug. Desensitization was successful in the majority of patients. Conclusion: This large cohort study highlights key risk factors and clinical outcomes in tuberculosis drug hypersensitivity. Close monitoring of high-risk patients in the early treatment phase may reduce delays and improve outcomes.