Pediatric Hypercalcemia: Insights into Clinical Features and Etiologies From a Tertiary Center Pediatrik Hiperkalsemi: Üçüncü Basamak Bir Merkezden Klinik Özellikler ve Etyolojilere Dair Bulgular

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Kaplan E. H. A., Sütçü Z. K.

Guncel Pediatri, cilt.23, sa.3, 2025 (ESCI, Scopus, TRDizin)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 23 Sayı: 3
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.4274/jcp.2025.24571
  • Dergi Adı: Guncel Pediatri
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Etiology, hypercalcemia, malignancy, parathyroid hormone, pediatric
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Introduction: Hypercalcemia is rarer in children than in adults, but it is clinically significant. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 21 patients aged 0-18 years with hypercalcemia. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and clinically indicated imaging and genetic analyses were reviewed. Patients were classified according to hypercalcemia severity and PTH status, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Results: Of these, 33.3% were asymptomatic, and vomiting was the most common presenting complaint (19%). 66.7% of the patients had parathyroid hormone (PTH)- independent hypercalcemia, while 33.3% had PTH-dependent hypercalcemia. The etiologies included parathyroid adenoma in five patients, adrenal insufficiency in four patients, vitamin D intoxication in three patients, malignancy in three patients, osteomyelitis in one patient, pseudohypoaldosteronism in one patient, a CaSR variant in one patient, and hypophosphatasia in one patient. Four of the seven patients with PTH-dependent hypercalcemia underwent surgical treatment. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that childhood hypercalcemia can result from a variety of factors. Measurement of serum calcium levels is essential in children with vague or nonspecific clinical symptoms. Diagnosis of malignancies may be delayed in the absence of additional findings. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can prevent significant complications.