Management of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Neurological Disorders in Newborns, NOVA Publications , ss.161-176, 2025
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Yayınevi: NOVA Publications
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.161-176
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Complications, Hypoglycemia management, Newborn, Prognosis
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Although neonatal hypoglycemia is a frequently encountered condition, no single blood glucose level has been determined to define hypoglycemia. The energy required for the normal functions of the brain to be protected and maintained is primarily provided by glucose. A fall in blood glucose in the first postnatal hours is a part of the extra-uterine adaptation process, and normal levels can be reached in a few days. This condition, known as transient hypoglycemia, does not require any intervention. Failures in the adaptation process, or metabolic, hormonal, or genetic disorders can result in severe hypoglycemia. Severe and recurrent hypoglycemia causes irreversible neuronal damage. Infants at risk of hypoglycemia must be identified and symptomatic hypoglycemia must be prevented. Neurological morbidity and mortality in neonatal hypoglycemia are associated with the underlying disease and the time of starting appropriate treatment. Unnecessary interventions in infants with asymptomatic transient hypoglycemia should be avoided, and the infants that require intervention should be identified early and treatment should be started rapidly. The etiology must be investigated in cases of hypoglycemia that require high glucose infusion for longer than 48 hours or additional treatment. Although the longterm effects of hypoglycemia are still a matter of debate, they can include epilepsy, developmental retardation, learning and behavioural disorders, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, autism, microcephaly and cortical blindness.