Dyspnea: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Airway Diseases: Volume 1-3, Springer International Publishing Ag, ss.421-443, 2023
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2023
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/978-3-031-22483-6_25-1
- Yayınevi: Springer International Publishing Ag
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.421-443
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Dyspnea is a complex symptom that has physiological, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions. This uncomfortable and distressing symptom can be triggered by various diseases related to the upper airways, lungs, and cardiovascular or neuromuscular systems. Obesity and deconditioning may also lead to dyspnea. Besides, it may be an indicator of an acute exacerbation of an underlying disease. Dyspnea is also related to hospitalization and mortality rates in chronic lung diseases. As a cardinal symptom of various common diseases, millions of patients suffer from dyspnea. However, the language of dyspnea has a diverse nature related to the perceptions of the patients. In this chapter, the key elements for understanding the language of dyspnea will be reviewed, and the pathophysiological mechanisms, differential diagnosis, and clinical approach will be summarized.