Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis: Review Paraoksonaz ve ateroskleroz
Turkiye Klinikleri Cardiovascular Sciences, cilt.24, sa.2, ss.128-133, 2012 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 24 Sayı: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2012
- Dergi Adı: Turkiye Klinikleri Cardiovascular Sciences
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.128-133
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Arteriosclerosis, Aryldialkylphosphatase, Coronary artery disease, Polymorphism, genetic
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Paraoxonase [aryldialkylphosphatase (PON)] is an enzyme, that was first discovered during toxicologic researchs. After it was realized that, it takes part in hydrolysis of organophosphat compounds that is widely used as insecticide and nerve gas and, has a critical significance in preventing their toxicity , studies on PON have increased. Organophosphats are mainly detoxified in the liver, organophosphat compounds that escape from the detoxification are destroyed by PON1 in serum and their neurotoxicity is prevented. The reason of the nomenclature of this enzyme is that, paraoxon which is a metabolite of the insectiside parathion is the most widely used substrate for measuring this enzyme's activity. PON is a calcium dependent ester hydrolase with glycoprotein structure. In humans there are three main members of PON gene family. PON 1 is synthesized in liver and released into the blood and closely related to the high density lipoprotein (HDL). PON has a significant effect on HDL's antioxidant and antiatherogenic function. PON shows cardiovascular protection via decreasing the oxidative stress in serum and tissues. PON performs this protective effect on cardiovascular system both preventing low density lipoprotein (LDL) from oxidation and metabolizing the oxidized lipids on the oxidized LDL. Also, PON1 decreases macrophages' lipit peroxide content and prevents phagocytosis of oxidized LDL via macrophages' and thus foam cell formation of macrophages and inhibits one of the fundamental steps of atherosclerosis process. Many studies demonstrated that serum PON1 activity has decreased in atherosclerotic diseases, myocardial infarction, slow coronary flow, cardiac syndrome X, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. There are many conflicting results about the relationship of PON polymorphism and coronary artery disease. Furthermore, PON activity may be affected by diet, environmental factors and drugs. Although other two members of PON gene family; PON2 and PON3 has been searhed less, it has been suggested that these have antiatherogenic function too. Copyright © 2012 by Türkiye Klinikleri.