Biomarkers under investigation for neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer
AME Surgical Journal, cilt.2, 2022 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2022
- Doi Numarası: 10.21037/asj-21-75
- Dergi Adı: AME Surgical Journal
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Biomarkers, neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), non -small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), programmed death ligand 1 (PD -L1) expression, tumour mutation burden (TMB)
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The 5-year relative survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still low even in patients with resectable disease due to local or distant recurrences after surgery. Novel treatment strategies are essential to reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence and provide an improvement in survival rates. Although neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are not included in the treatment protocols yet, investigations are still ongoing. However, one of the major issues encountered in this regard is the ideal patient selection. Furthermore, ICIs have several limitations such as serious side effects, high costs and varying response rates among patients. Thus, the development of accurate biomarkers is necessary for ideal patient selection, risk stratification and prediction of treatment response in patients. Biomarkers under investigation for neoadjuvant ICIs in NSCLC are being evaluated in four major categories: tumour cell-associated biomarkers, tumour microenvironment-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy-related biomarkers and host-related markers. In addition,18F-FDG PET-CT parameters may be used in this regard. Emerging results from clinical trials suggest that these biomarkers may play important roles in the management of NSCLC in the near future. Nevertheless, there are still many unknowns about mechanisms of biomarkers. Some challenges, such as clinical adaptability, validation and feasibility, also exist. It should be noted that, there are no currently standardized biomarkers to select the ideal patient. Further studies are therefore required to identify reliable biomarkers in the prediction of response and outcome of ICIs.