Coexistence of Celiac Disease and Allergic Wheat Sensitivity: An Observational Study of Daily Clinical Practice
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, cilt.186, sa.3, ss.212-220, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 186 Sayı: 3
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1159/000541206
- Dergi Adı: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.212-220
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Celiac disease, Wheat sensitivity, Wheat allergy, Celiac antibody, Microbial transglutaminase
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Introduction: Although separate immunogenic mechanisms are involved, IgE-type sensitization to wheat and celiac disease (CD) may coexist. We observationally assessed the importance of this relationship in daily practice using CD and wheat sensitization screenings. Methods: Celiac antibody (CA) screening and food prick tests (FPTs) were requested simultaneously from patients who presented to the Allergy Clinic between January 2022 and December 2023 and had any complaint accompanied by CD symptoms/findings (nonceliac group). Patients with positive CA (CA+) underwent endoscopy. As another group, FPT results were recorded for patients previously diagnosedwith CD following a gluten-free diet (celiac group). Results: In total, 169 patients (124 nonceliac and 45 celiac) were included in the study. Wheat prick positivity (WP+) was observed in 1 patient with CD. Among 65 WP+ patients without a CD diagnosis, 14 (20.3%) tested positive for CA+, and histopathology detected CD in 4 of these cases. Among the 59 WP- patients, 4 (8.8%) had CA+. The CA+ status of those with WP+ was significantly higher than those with WP- (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The 4 patients unaware of their CD exhibited WP+, with a higher rate of CA+ observed in the WP+ group. The association between WP+ and CA+ suggests that an impaired intestinal barriermay lead to simultaneous T helper 1 and 2 type inflammatory responses. Although different types of sensitization to the same food would not typically be expected, growing evidence indicates that this phenomenon does occur. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings and to explore the underlying causes.