THE EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BONE HEALTH AND OSTEOPOROSIS
Advances in Health and Disease: Volume 42, NOVA Publications , ss.173-192, 2021
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2021
- Yayınevi: NOVA Publications
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.173-192
- Anahtar Kelimeler: aerobic exercise, bone health, osteoporosis
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass or bone mineral density (BMD), deterioration of bone microarchitecture, and increased risk of fracture. OP is a global clinical and public health problem because it is associated with an increased risk for fragility fractures which can lead to pain, disability, loss of functional independence and increased morbidity and mortality. It is more common in women than men, with the prevalence increasing markedly after the menopause. The lifetime risk of any osteoporotic fracture remains very high, lying within the range of 40-50% for women and 13-22% for men. Current pharmacologic treatment targeting bone mineral density (BMD) are the first line of treatment for osteoporosis because they reduce the risk of fractures by approximately 20-60% depending on the agent used, patient population and adherence to the medication. Pharmologicals also have no effect on other key fracture risk factors, such as muscle strength, muscle power, dynamic balance, coordination and overall functional performance, all of which have been associated with an increased risk for falls and fracture. Physical activity is a widely accessible, low cost, and highly modifiable contributor to bone health. Previous studies have shown that exercise or physical training might improve bone mass and strength and consequently promote bone formation, which could efectively treat and prevent osteoporosis with no side efects. The interaction of mechanical loading, hormones or cytokines, and signaling pathways induced by exercise increased bone formation and reduced bone resorption, leading to the maintenance of healthy skeleton. Thus, aerobic exercises is most important of the non-pharmacological treatment options that should be used in the prevention of osteoporosis since it increases both muscle strength, balance and endurance and bone mass. This chaphter will examine the role that aerobic exercise plays in osteoporosis prevention and management, and how different exercise modalities contribute to bone health.