Imaging studies in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis

Sekmenli N.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis, Springer Nature, ss.45-74, 2023

  • Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
  • Basım Tarihi: 2023
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/978-3-031-30391-3_7
  • Yayınevi: Springer Nature
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.45-74
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Diagnosis, Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Mammography, Ultrasonography
  • Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic, benign, inflammatory disease of the breast with unknown etiology. It presents itself as recurrent attacks of breast inflammation and the disease process is in itself plagued by relapses. Mammography and ultrasound (US) are the main imaging modalities in the diagnostic workup but in selected cases magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may also add valuable information. The most common mammographic appearance in IGM is asymmetric density. The sensitivity of mammography is lower among the young population due to the dense breast pattern. Ultrasonography is a very valuable modality in IGM in the posttreatment follow-up phase, as well as its contribution to determining the diagnosis. The most common finding on US is that of a hypoechoic irregular mass with peripheral hyper-echogenicity. Sonoelastography is a significant investigation method developed in recent years as a special technique of conventional US allowing tissue elasticity to be measured. MRI is often utilized in the more challenging and refractory cases for monitoring disease progression and to assess response to treatment. It is a highly specific and sensitive modality for detecting lesions in inflammatory pathologies of the breast. Although the asymmetrical density is observed on mammography, the lesion may not be detected on sonography in some cases. In addition to the dense character of the breast parenchyma especially in young patients, MRI has an advantage of detecting lesions that cannot be monitored by US or mammography due to the edema in the surrounding tissues.