COMPARISON OF PHENOLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) BEE POLLEN AND BEE BREAD TAKEN FROM THE SAME HIVES
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, cilt.39, sa.9, ss.1675-1681, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 39 Sayı: 9
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.4314/bcse.v39i9.2
- Dergi Adı: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1675-1681
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Phenolic compounds, Bee pollen, Bee bread, Sunflower, T & uuml;rkiye
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, individual phenolic compounds in sunflower bee pollen and bee bread taken from the same hives were compared. Quantitatively individual phenolic compound content analyses were performed with high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Eight different phenolic compounds analyzed in bee pollen and bee bread samples, namely caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, rutin, naringenin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The amounts of phenolic compounds detected in the samples in bee pollen and bee bread are as follows, respectively: caffeic acid: 4.10 ± 0.63 mg/kg, 2.07 ± 0.38 mg/kg; p-coumaric acid: 9.52 ± 1.21 mg/kg, 4.26 ± 0.46 mg/kg; ferulic acid: 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/kg, 5.48 ± 0.14 mg/kg; cinnamic acid: 0.00 mg/kg, 6.19 ± 0.92 mg/kg; rutin: 132.09 ± 1.13 mg/kg, 63.47 ± 3.11; naringenin: 82.91 ± 3.59 mg/kg, 329.11 ± 2.95 mg/kg; quercetin: 460.81 ± 14.23 mg/kg, 936.14 ± 12.21 mg/kg; kaempferol: 2.90 ± 0.31 mg/kg, 183.80 ± 4.24 mg/kg. Differences in the amounts of individual phenolic compounds in bee pollen and bee bread are thought to be due to the conversion of phenolic compounds to aglycone forms by enzymes of bacteria and/or secretions of bees.