Fabrication of poly(malachite green)/Nafion@nanotubes modified sensor for sensitive analysis of gallic acid and computational-electrochemical approaches on its interaction with human serum albumin
Microchemical Journal, cilt.215, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 215
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.microc.2025.114277
- Dergi Adı: Microchemical Journal
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Index Islamicus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Gallic acid, Detection, Grape juice, Red wine, Human serum, Molecular modeling
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyphenolic compound that exhibits various biological activities and health benefits. In this work, we suggest a novel approach for the electrochemical detection of GA by modifying glassy carbon electrodes by the combination of poly(malachite green) (PMG) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with nafion (Naf) (PMG/Naf@MWCNTs/GCE). The modified electrode presents an improvement in electrocatalytic activity toward the detection of GA, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Calibration gives two linear segments within the concentration range from 0.1 to 40 µM and 100 to 1000 µM, respectively, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.029 µM. The suggested sensor has favorable analytical performance when compared to previous GA electrochemical sensors due to the increase of the surface area provided by the integration of MWCNTs and by incorporating PMG functional groups that interact selectively with GA. Additionally, Nafion contributes to stability and anti-fouling properties. Reproducibility, repeatability, and stability studies confirm the reliability of the sensor, with minimal variation observed over time. The sensor exhibits selectivity towards GA detection in the presence of common interferents, confirming its specificity. The proposed sensor was used for commercial human serum, green tea, red wine and grape juice showing good recovery and low relative standard deviation (RSD%). Our findings contribute to the development of efficient electrochemical sensors for GA detection, with potential applications in biomedical analysis, biological research, and food quality control. A major highlight of this work is the integration of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the binding pocket and the interactions of GA with human serum albumin (HSA).