Early spontaneous movements in full-term infants exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus
Infant Behavior and Development, cilt.81, 2025 (SSCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 81
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102156
- Dergi Adı: Infant Behavior and Development
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, BIOSIS, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, CINAHL, Educational research abstracts (ERA), EMBASE, MEDLINE, MLA - Modern Language Association Database, Psycinfo
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Infant, Neurodevelopment, General movements, Fidgety movements
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may influence fetal neurodevelopment, and early motor assessments could help identify at-risk infants before clinical symptoms emerge. To examine early spontaneous movements in full-term infants born to mothers with GDM. Thirty-two full-term infants with prenatal exposure to GDM and 32 age-matched healthy controls were included in this case-control study. After recording maternal and infant demographic and clinical characteristics, video recordings were obtained for General Movements Assessment (GMA) at 52–54 weeks postmenstrual age. Detailed GMA was performed, and the Motor Optimality Score (MOS) was calculated for each infant. Fidgety movements were observed as normal in both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in demographic or clinical characteristics, except for birth weight, which was higher in the GDM-exposed group (p = 0.002). After adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, and treatment modality, total MOS scores were significantly lower in the GDM-exposed group (p = 0.038), and the movement character subcategory also remained significantly altered (p = 0.025). No significant associations were found between clinical variables and MOS within the GDM-exposed group. These findings suggest that intrauterine hyperglycemia may have subtle but measurable effects on early motor development in infants of mothers with GDM. Altered movement character and lower adjusted MOS scores highlight the potential vulnerability of this population, even in the absence of gross motor impairment. Early detection of such changes through GMA may help identify infants who could benefit from close developmental monitoring and timely intervention, thereby supporting better long-term outcomes.