Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin
Horizons in Neuroscience Research, NOVA Publications , ss.29-57, 2021
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2021
- Yayınevi: NOVA Publications
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.29-57
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone, is the primary regulator of erythropoiesis. EPO and its receptor (EPOR) have been localized in several non-hematopoietic cells such as those of the heart, kidney, and central and peripheral nervous systems, suggesting that EPOactivated EPO-R can protect cells against harmful cellular responses following insults, and can stimulate repair mechanisms. Recombinant human EPO has been developed to treat anemia associated with chronic renal failure, chemotherapy in cancer patients, and HIV infections. EPO treatment has been shown to be neuroprotective in a variety of experimental animal models such as those of hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebral ischemia. There are promising clinical trials for the effectiveness of EPO in traumatic brain injury. Various studies have reported that EPO acts via numerous processes altered in Parkinson's disease, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The evidences indicating that EPO could have a role in improving cognitive functions arose from observations relating to non-neurological diseases, where patients undergoing hemodialysis were treated with EPO and they demonstrated an improvement in cognitive functions. These early observations led to more in-depth studies aiming to characterize the pleiotropic effects of EPO and its potential benefits in diseases in which cognitive function was impaired, such as Alzheimer's disease. Various pharmacological agents aimed at reducing the consequences of spinal cord injury are currently being evaluated in humans and animals, and EPO has shown promising neuroprotective effects and it is considered a promising candidate for treatment. EPO has been shown to have a broad neuroprotective action on the central nervous system. It is able to target multiple pathways that are dysregulated in various neurological diseases. The neuroprotective effects of EPO are discussed in this chapter.