Validation of the Turkish version of the ANDROTEST for detecting male hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction
Sexual Medicine, cilt.14, sa.5, 2017 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 14 Sayı: 5
- Basım Tarihi: 2017
- Doi Numarası: 10.1093/sexmed/qfag056
- Dergi Adı: Sexual Medicine
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
- Anahtar Kelimeler: erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, male, questionnaires, sensitivity and specificity
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Background: Male hypogonadism is an important endocrine cause of sexual dysfunction, yet symptom-based screening tools require cultural and linguistic validation to ensure their reliability across different populations. Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the ANDROTEST in men presenting with sexual dysfunction. Methods: This prospective observational study included men aged 18-80 years presenting to the andrology outpatient clinic with symptoms of sexual dysfunction between February and November 2025. A control group consisted of age-matched individuals without clinical suspicion of hypogonadism or conditions affecting gonadal function. Participants completed the Turkish versions of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). The ANDROTEST was translated and culturally adapted using a forward–backward translation process. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, while test–retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of hypogonadism. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of the Turkish ANDROTEST for identifying hypogonadism. Results: A total of 246 participants were included (120 controls and 126 patients with hypogonadism). Hypogonadal patients demonstrated significantly higher body mass index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BDI, whereas total testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IIEF scores, and testicular volumes were significantly lower (all P < .05). The Turkish ANDROTEST demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance with an area under the curve of 0.980 (95% CI: 0.958-0.994). The optimal cut-off value of 11 yielded a sensitivity of 95.2% and specificity of 95.0%. In multivariable analysis, ANDROTEST remained an independent predictor of hypogonadism (adjusted OR 1.80, P = .009). Test–retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.99), and strong correlations were observed between the ANDROTEST score and IIEF scores, total testosterone levels, and depression scores (all P < .001). Clinical Implications: The Turkish version of the ANDROTEST may serve as a practical screening tool for identifying men at risk of hypogonadism in routine clinical practice. Strengths and Limitations: Strengths include the prospective design and comprehensive evaluation of psychometric and diagnostic performance. Limitations include the single-center design and the case–control structure, which may overestimate diagnostic performance. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the ANDROTEST demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance and strong reliability for identifying male hypogonadism in men with sexual dysfunction, supporting its potential utility as a culturally adapted screening tool in clinical practice.