Clinical Insight into Congenital Hypothyroidism Among Children
Children, cilt.12, sa.1, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 12 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/children12010055
- Dergi Adı: Children
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Anahtar Kelimeler: congenital, hypothyroidism, newborn, thyroid gland
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Highlights: What are the main findings? Transient congenital hypothyroidism in newborns is characterized by low serum T4 and high serum TSH concentrations, and is caused by iodine deficiency in in iodine-deficient geographic regions. Transient hyperthyrotropinemia cases develop secondary to perinatal iodine exposure, TSH and TSH receptor defects, mildly defective intrathyroidal iodine synthesis, hemihypothyroidism, and adjustment disorders in the TSH feedback system. What is the implication of the main finding? If infants have congenital hypothyroidism due to iodine overload or maternal blocking antibodies, their requirement for thyroid hormone replacement may decrease or may not persist in these patients, as the effects of these factors disappear within 6 weeks. Treatment should be recommended when the FT4 level is in the upper half of the reference range and the TSH level is >20, and treatment should be given when the FT4 level is in the lower half of the reference range and the TSH level is >20 in patients from the newborn screening program. Molecular, genetic, and technological advances have led to increased knowledge regarding neonatal thyroid hormone metabolism disorders. Maternal and fetal hypothyroidism, which can cause psychomotor dysfunction syndromes or low IQ levels, can lead to brain damage, reduced fetal growth and incidental fetal death. The treatment of congenital hypothyroidism detected by screening programs performed during the neonatal period provides normalization of growth, IQ levels, and the physical, mental, and motor development of infants. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism will prevent the development of complications. In this article, the classification and management of neonatal thyroid diseases are reviewed in light of the current scientific literature.