Boron-doped nano-hydroxyapatite for enamel demineralization prevention and biofilm inhibition
Odontology, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10266-026-01549-3
- Dergi Adı: Odontology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest), Pharma Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Boron, Demineralization, Hydroxyapatite, White spot lesions, Biofilm
- Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study evaluated the effects of boron-doped nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) formulations, with and without sintering, on enamel surface hardness and Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation under in vitro conditions. Ninety-eight sound human premolars were randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 14): pre-sintered nHA, sintered nHA, 2% boron-doped pre-sintered nHA, 2% boron-doped sintered nHA, 4% boron-doped pre-sintered nHA, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and artificial saliva. Enamel demineralization was assessed using Vickers microhardness testing and scanning electron microscopy following a 10-day pH-cycling protocol. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated by cultivating S. mutans biofilms on orthodontic brackets (n = 7 per group). The 2% boron-doped sintered nHA group demonstrated significantly higher enamel surface microhardness compared with all other groups (P < 0.05), with qualitative scanning electron microscopy observations showing a relatively more uniform and intact surface appearance. Significant differences in S. mutans biofilm formation were observed among the groups (P < 0.001). The pre-sintered 2% and 4% boron-doped nHA groups showed significantly lower OD values than artificial saliva, whereas the sintered 2% boron-doped nHA group did not differ significantly from the negative control. Boron incorporation combined with sintering enhanced the capacity of nano-hydroxyapatite to preserve enamel surface hardness under acidic challenge in vitro, with the sintered 2% boron-doped formulation demonstrating the highest final microhardness among the tested materials.